Unique Ganglioside Recognition Strategies for Clostridial Neurotoxins*
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Retargeted Clostridial Neurotoxins as Novel Agents for Treating Chronic Diseases
Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) A and B are used to treat neuropathic disorders; if retargeted, these agents could be used to treat medical conditions that involve secretion from nonneuronal cells. Here, we report novel strategies for successfully retargeting BoNTs, and also tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT), to primary human blood monocyte-derived macrophages where BoNT/B inhibited the release of tumor ne...
متن کاملThe crystal structure of tetanus toxin Hc fragment complexed with a synthetic GT1b analogue suggests cross-linking between ganglioside receptors and the toxin.
Tetanus toxin, a member of the family of Clostridial neurotoxins, is one of the most potent toxins known. The crystal structure of the complex of the COOH-terminal fragment of the heavy chain with an analogue of its ganglioside receptor, GT1b, provides the first direct identification and characterization of the ganglioside-binding sites. The ganglioside induces cross-linking by binding to two d...
متن کاملClostridial Neurotoxins: Mechanism of SNARE Cleavage and Outlook on Potential Substrate Specificity Reengineering
The clostridial neurotoxin family consists of tetanus neurotoxin and seven distinct botulinum neurotoxins which cause the diseases tetanus and botulism. The extreme potency of these toxins primarily relies not only on their ability to specifically enter motoneurons but also on the activity their catalytic domains display inside presynaptic motoneuronal terminals. Subsequent to neurotoxin bindin...
متن کاملA Protocol for Serializing Unique Strategies
We devise an efficient protocol by which a series of twoperson games Gi with unique winning strategies can be combined into a single game G with unique winning strategy, even when the result of G is a non-monotone function of the results of the Gi that is unknown to the players. In computational complexity terms, we show that the class UAP of Niedermeier and Rossmanith [NR98] of languages accep...
متن کاملClostridial neurotoxins and substrate proteolysis in intact neurons: botulinum neurotoxin C acts on synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa.
Clostridial neurotoxins are zinc endopeptidases that block neurotransmission and have been shown to cleave, in vitro, specific proteins involved in synaptic vesicle docking and/or fusion. We have used immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting to demonstrate alterations in toxin substrates in intact neurons under conditions of toxin-induced blockade of neurotransmitter release. Vesicle-associated ...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Biological Chemistry
سال: 2011
ISSN: 0021-9258
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.272054